tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5337926107550540142023-06-20T06:00:04.737-07:00Physicsbambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-10074859532954615312016-12-01T18:05:00.003-08:002016-12-01T18:05:44.572-08:00swagbucks<div style="text-align: justify;">
Site for the best value is the $5 Amazon gift card. Free Amazon credit to buy something on your site as far as I know, including not only the items stocked and sold by Amazon's third-party offer for sale. If you're willing to waste time on the site to connect to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoKQ_r3E7J4">swagbucks</a> every day instead of playing Facebook Games, earn $25 without the efforts of tons per month. This works best if you're the type who has a computer and access to the Internet throughout the day.</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-78698377426820738132015-12-01T21:12:00.001-08:002015-12-01T21:12:38.729-08:00Nostalrius Powerleveling<div style="text-align: justify;">
Compared with part time service, Variable Time Service is more flexible. You need not worry about your labour union activity or being logout when you are playing with your friend.Do not even worry about the trouble logined by yourself and our guys at the same time. Opposite,you can play your game for a whole weekend and holidays with nobody interrupt you. The advantage of variable time service is you could check your order at our powerleveling report ,and sent SMS to break off our service by pressing ’pause‘.we promise we will logout within 10 minutes.in order to insure your successful logining. In the same way, you could let us start your
<a href="http://nostalriusaccounts.com/">Nostalrius Powerleveling</a> when you are tired or you do not play the game. we will go on it within 10 minutes.</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-49306982849074095442015-08-31T15:56:00.003-07:002015-08-31T15:56:44.732-07:00shopping list<div style="text-align: justify;">
Having a party at your place? Here is a <a href="http://buymeapie.com/">shopping list</a> that you or your bartender would need to make most drinks someone would order in a bar. We come with our own openers, shakers and measuring tools.</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-42698697918119693772014-06-30T20:15:00.003-07:002014-06-30T20:15:46.759-07:00Venus Factor<div style="text-align: justify;">
The <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKwXV1m81wc">Venus factor</a> program just released as a digital product on July 2010 and it is slowly taking the weight loss world by storm. As more people discover this program, it is becoming more popular and some experts claim it is the best fitness and weight loss system online they ever seen.</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-21004099270359110122014-01-29T19:53:00.000-08:002014-01-29T19:53:04.796-08:00bankruptcy attorney las vegas<div style="text-align: justify;">
Profile of law firms have information such as the Company law, the office location, office hours and payment options. Profile lawyers including personal details, education and training, and recommendations from a lawyer to help you decide who to hire.
Use the contact form on the profiles to connect with a Las Vegas, <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjtPy45Jo4I">bankruptcy attorney las vegas</a> for legal advice. to more clearly you can see the video below </div>
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/IjtPy45Jo4I" width="560"></iframe>bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-5663277745869688482014-01-15T21:35:00.001-08:002014-01-15T21:35:22.931-08:00mavi tur<div style="text-align: justify;">
Her türlü Bodrum <a href="http://www.mymavitur.com/">mavi tur</a> services offered in this account before you finish you vacances this season, meet a good trip boats. Fun, do not way to look at and enjoy natural the all beauté, contact immediately you speak about varamayacağınızın.
Bodrum blue great always expect the firm will meet your requests ' in the service without talk, you can allow this company to offer every sort of boat trip we want to show that it would recognize.
</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-47245576445915565862013-12-07T16:56:00.001-08:002013-12-07T16:56:19.810-08:00Gregory Yates lawyer<div style="text-align: justify;">
Believe me, I've read more than a few excellent books on real estate investing and real estate law, But I am a better <a href="http://www.gregoryyates.org/">Gregory Yates lawyer</a> en een jongen als ik was een decennium van praktijk, praktijk en meer praktijk. Er is gewoon geen substituut voor ervaring. De periode. Als er een snelle en gemakkelijke oplossing, hoe is te doen, maken we allemaal. Je leven, je leert, u kunt gaan naar de volgende deal en (hopelijk) beter elke keer.Gregory Yates Attorney
</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-61031197179075462802013-10-21T06:16:00.001-07:002013-10-21T06:16:09.230-07:00How to win an election<div style="text-align: justify;">
I have to confess, as a blogger I have always loved city elections the most. Yea, they aren't as fun in terms of policy as state and federal elections where I can feed my inner wonk, but everyone loves a good train wreck.
And candidates for city elections have a tendency to be walking train wrecks. Its the place where the ankle-biters, weirdos, nutcases, and the eccentric try their hand a politics.
But since this is the holiday season, I feel like being generous so I'll tell you exactly <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMXj79dqgHs">How to win an election</a>in this town. This is a total freebie people. And don't worry, I'm not giving away the nuclear launch codes here. I'm just telling you what has worked for WINNING campaigns. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/JMXj79dqgHs" width="420"></iframe></div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-22031924154917741102013-10-06T01:55:00.002-07:002013-10-06T01:55:49.710-07:00<img alt="Advertise with my Blog" border="0" height="1" src="http://linkfromblog.com/img.001.026825.gif" width="1" />
<a href="http://linkfromblog.com/">buy blog links</a>bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-21094486153662432522013-09-29T11:07:00.002-07:002013-09-29T11:07:40.520-07:00Book Review: Cliff Taubes' Differential Geometry: Bundles, Metrics, Connections and Curvature<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<em>By
Karo Locascio
</em>
<a class="photo-container" href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Karo_Locascio" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Karo Locascio">
</a>
</h1>
<div id="article-content" style="text-align: justify;">
Differential geometry is the branch of advanced mathematics that
probably has more quality textbooks then just about any other. It has
some true classics that everyone agrees should at least be browsed. It
seems lately everyone and his cousin is trying to write The Great
American Differential Geometry Textbook. It's really not hard to see
why: The subject of differential geometry is not only one of the most
beautiful and fascinating applications of calculus and topology,it's
also one of the most powerful.The language of manifolds is the natural
language of most aspects of both classical and modern physics - neither
general relativity or particle physics can be correctly expressed
without the concepts of coordinate charts on differentiable manifolds,
Lie groups or fiber bundles. I was really looking forward to the
finished text based on Cliff Taubes' Math 230 lectures for the first
year graduate student DG course at Harvard, which he has taught on and
off there for a number of years. A book by a recognized master of the
subject is to be welcomed, as one can hope they bring their researcher's
perspective to the material.<br />
Well, the book's finally here and
I'm sorry to report it's a bit of a letdown. The topics covered in the
book are the usual suspects for a first year graduate course,albeit
covered at a somewhat higher level then usual: smooth manifolds, Lie
groups, vector bundles, metrics on vector bundles, Riemannian metrics,
geodesics on Riemannian manifolds, principal bundles, covariant
derivatives and connections, holonomy, curvature polynomials and
characteristic classes, Riemannian curvature tensor, complex manifolds,
holomorphic submanifolds of a complex manifold and Kähler metrics. On
the positive side, it's VERY well written and covers virtually the
entire current landscape of modern differential geometry.The
presentation is as much as possible self-contained, given that all told,
the book has 298 pages and consists of 19 bite-size chapters. Professor
Taubes gives detailed yet concise proofs of basic results, which
demonstrates his authority in the subject. So an enormous amount is
covered very efficiently but quite clearly. Each chapter contains a
detailed bibliography for additional reading, which is one of the most
interesting aspects of the book-the author comments on other works and
how they have influenced his presentation. His hope is clearly that it
will inspire his students to read the other recommended works
concurrently with his, which shows excellent educational values on the
author's part. Unfortunately,this approach is a double edged sword since
it goes hand in hand with one of the book's faults, which we'll get to
momentarily.<br />
Taubes writes very well indeed and he peppers his
presentation with his many insights. Also, it has many good and well
chosen examples in each section, something I feel is very important. It
even covers material on complex manifolds and Hodge theory, which most
beginning graduate textbooks avoid because of the technical subtleties
of separating the strictly differential-geometric aspects from the
algebraic geometric ones. So what's in here is very good indeed.
(Interestingly, Taubes credits his influence for the book to be the late
Rauol Bott's legendary course at Harvard. So many recent textbooks and
lecture notes on the subject credit Bott's course with their
inspiration: Loring Tu's <em>An Introduction to Manifolds</em>, Ko Honda's lecture notes at USCD, Lawrence Conlon's <em>Differentiable Manifolds </em>among the most prominent. It's very humbling how one expert teacher can define a subject for a generation.)<br />
Unfortunately, there are 3 problems with the book that make it a bit of a disappointment and they all have to do with what's<strong> not </strong>in
the book. The first and most serious problem with Taubes' book is that
it's not really a textbook at all, it's a set of lecture notes. It has <strong>zero</strong>
exercises. Indeed-the book looks like Oxford University Press just took
the final version of Taubes' online notes and slapped a cover on them.
Not that that's necessarily a <strong>bad</strong> thing, of course -
some of the best sources there are on differential geometry (and
advanced mathematics in general) are lecture notes (S.S.Chern and John
Milnors's classic notes come to mind). But for coursework and something
you want to pay considerable money for-you really want a bit more then
just a printed set of lecture notes someone could have downloaded off
the web for free.<br />
They're also a lot harder to use as a textbook
since you need to look elsewhere for exercises. I don't think a
corresponding set of exercises <em>from the author who designed the text</em>
to test your understanding is really too much to ask for in something
you're spending 30-40 bucks on, is it? Is that the real motivation
behind the very detailed and opinionated references for each chapter-the
students are not merely encouraged to look at some of these
concurrently, but<strong> required</strong> in order to find their own
exercises? If so, it really should have been specifically spelled out
and it shows some laziness on the part of the author. When it's a set of
lecture notes designed to frame an actual course where the instructor
is there to guide the students through the literature for what's
missing, that works fine. In fact, it might make for even more exciting
and productive course for the students. But if you're writing a
textbook, it really needs to be completely self contained so that
whatever other references you suggest, it's strictly <em>optional</em>.
Every course is different and if the book doesn't contain it's own
exercises that limits enormously how dependent the course can be on the
text. I'm sure Taubes has all the problem sets from the various sections
of the original course - I'd <strong>strongly</strong> encourage him to include a substantial set of them in the second edition.<br />
The
second problem - although this isn't as serious as the first - is that
from a researcher of Taubes' credentials, you'd expect a little more
creativity and insight into what all this good stuff is good for. OK,
granted, this is a beginners' text and you can't go too far off the
basic playbook or it's going to be useless as a foundation for later
studies. That being said, a closing chapter summarizing the current
state of play in differential geometry using all the machinery that had
been developed - particularly in the realm of mathematical physics -
would help a lot to give the novice a exciting glimpse into the
forefront of a major branch of pure and applied mathematics. He does
digress sometimes into nice original material that's usually not touched
in such books: The Schwarzchild metric, for instance. But he doesn't
give any indication why it's important or it's role in general
relativity.<br />
Lastly - there's virtually no pictures in the book. <strong>None. Zero. Nada. </strong>
OK, granted this is a graduate level text and graduate students really
should draw their own pictures. But to me, one of the things that makes
differential geometry so fascinating is that it's such a visual and
visceral subject: One gets the feeling in a good classical DG course
that if you were clever enough, you could prove just about everything
with a picture. Giving a completely formal, non-visual presentation
removes a lot of that conceptual excitement and makes it look a lot
drier and less interesting then it really is. In that second edition,
I'd consider including some visuals. You don't have to add many if
you're a purist. But a few, particularly in the chapters on
characteristic classes and sections of vector and fiber bundles, would
clarify these parts immensely.<br />
So the final verdict? A very solid
source from which to learn DG for the first time at the graduate level,
but it'll need to be supplemented extensively to fill in the
shortcomings. Fortunately, each chapter comes with a very good set of
references. Good supplementary reading and exercises can easily be
selected from these. I would strongly recommend Guillemin and Pollack's
classic <em>Differential Topology </em>as preliminary reading, the
"trilogy" by John M.Lee for collateral reading and exercises, the
awesome 2 volume physics-oriented text <em>Geometry, Topology and Gauge Fields </em>by
Gregory Naber for connections and applications to physics as well as
many good pictures and concrete computations. For a deeper presentation
of complex differential geometry, try the classic by Wells and the more
recent text <em>Complex Differential Geometry </em>by Zhang. With all
these to compliment Taubes, you'll be in excellent shape for a year long
course in modern differential geometry.<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For one of the best online tutoring and professional writing
services around, summon the Mathemagician! My tutoring specialties are
calculus (all levels including vector calculus and elementary real
analysis/honors calculus courses), intermediate real analysis
(Rudin-level), linear and abstract algebra (all levels up to first year
graduate), differential equations (ordinary and partial at the
undergraduate level), complex analysis (undergraduate), classical
differential geometry, plane geometry, differential topology, point-set
topology (at the level of Munkres), combinatorial topology, algebraic
topology, general chemistry (up to and including sophomore university
honors level), organic chemistry (all levels up to first year graduate),
physical chemistry (especially basic thermodynamics), analytical
chemistry, biochemistry (up to first year graduate level), cell biology,
general physics (up to first year undergraduate honors level) and
undergraduate level electromagnetism, discrete mathematics and
philosophy (all undergraduate levels). I also assist in professional
level writing of all kinds and lengths, from essays to full length
research papers. I service science majors, pre-meds, finance graduate
student or anyone else in need of advanced mathematics or sciences
tutoring-ALL FROM YOUR HOME AT ANY HOUR THAT'S CONVENIENT-AND ALL AT
REASONABLE RATES</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-24468392932849601292013-09-29T11:06:00.004-07:002013-09-29T11:06:38.567-07:00A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking: Compared to the Findings of CERN's Boson Experiment<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<em>By
Bhimarao Sathyanarayanan
</em>
</h1>
<div id="article-content" style="text-align: justify;">
1. Introduction:<br />
Stephen Hawking is considered one of the
best popular Science writers across the Globe. Especially his book 'A
Brief History of Time' is the best seller among the books on popular
science, dealing with evolution of Universe from Big Bang to Black
Holes.<br />
Various aspects of evolution of Universe on the basis of
Physics have been dealt with, in a powerful manner in the book and it
deserves best laurels. But any theory of Physics needs empirical proof
and the undersigned author tried to analyse the theories with the
experimental findings of a magnificent experiment at the order of recent
CERN experiment, otherwise known as Hadron experiment. The results of
the analysis are given below.<br />
The purpose of this article is to
first, present the theories put forward by Stephen Hawking in his book
and second, compare it with the findings of CERN experiment and other
popular books written by Erwin Schrodinger, Fritjof Capra,
J.B.S.Haldane, Ernst Opik and to bring forth the point that the three
major findings of the book lack experimental support.<br />
2. The Questions Considered in the Book 'A Brief History of Time':<br />
The primary questions put forward by Stephen Hawking in the book are:<br />
Was there a beginning of Time?
<br />Could Time run backwards?
<br />Is the Universe infinite or does it have boundaries?<br />
3. Question no1, Concept of TIME According to Stephen Hawking:<br />
Stephen
Hawking in this book has taken the concept of increase in Entropy as a
measure of time. In fact he defines three concepts to define the concept
of arrow of Time as:<br />
1. The increase in Entropy,<br />
2. The Psychological Time. In the order of sequence by which we serialise the happenings and<br />
3. The direction by which the Universe is expanding (Chapter 9, Arrow of Time)<br />
Though
he considers all the above three as true reflections of Time arrow
(Time moving forward) he gives prominence to Entropy because he
considers increase in Entropy as a measurable quantity and reversible
exactly in reverse direction to enable Time travel in both directions.
We already know that Entropy (disorder) increases with increase in time.
Hence he concludes that increase in Entropy is increase in time.<br />
Earlier
we studied that entropy is a measure of Disorder. The disorder of the
Universe tends to the maximum, thus marking the death of the Universe.
Hence Mr Hawking starts from zero disorder and measures the age of the
Universe from the amount of disorder presently existing, somewhat akin
to Carbon dating.<br />
The postulate that Entropy in the reverse
direction reduces time cannot be empirically proved. The disorder, one
day the disorder may be totally nullified by some Natural Force and
order may be restored. Hence measuring Time using Entropy is basically
not possible unlike measuring Age of Earth using Carbon dating. Also Mr
Hawking brings the concept of Negative Entropy, a measure of order for
reversal of Time. For this, he is taking the example of a Jigsaw game
(page 154)<br />
He asserts that the initial position of Jigsaw pieces
which constitute a whole image is in order and marks time as zero. Then
its position becomes disordered marking a progress in time. When they
are re-assembled, the Time reverses in the negative direction and
becomes zero when perfect order is regained. The same is the case with a
broken cup. During the forward journey it enters into total disorder
and in the reverse direction, it brings back order.<br />
For the sake
of simplicity let me give the following flow chart of Time Arrow in both
directions as envisaged by Stephen Hawking:<br />
I. Movement of Universe in the forward Direction:<br />
1.Zero Time represents Perfect order,
<br />2. progress in Time means, disorder increases. (More Entropy)
<br />3. End of Time means Maximum disorder OR Maximum Entropy (Singularity)<br />
II.On the reverse side:<br />
1.End of Time means.Maximum disorder
<br />2.Regression in Time: Disorder decreases (order or negative Entropy increases)
<br />3.Beginning of Time means Perfect order (Zero Entropy)<br />
This is the vivid description of Time in terms of Entropy given by Stephen Hawking in his book 'A brief History of Time".<br />
4. Discussions on Entropy and Negative Entropy:<br />
Detailed
discussions on this topic were already done by the author and a
reference is invited to the article by the undersigned author in
ezinearticles.com 'what is Life?'- No 6488527 dated 2nd Sept, 2011 in
which the concepts of Entropy and negative Entropy were discussed while
reviewing the book of Erwin Schrodinger.<br />
Both are only two forms
of Energy. We cannot measure energy by reversing the order of Entropy.
This is like saying, if the minute hand travels in the reverse side,
Time also will travel in the opposite direction. The Energy is
manifested in different forms. The total energy is always a constant
which implies that there is no absolute Time as far as the whole
Universal Energy is concerned. Time can be used to measure changes in
Energy and not the reverse i.e. energy to measure time.<br />
This
answers also the question no 2 raised in the book. There is no question
of Time running in the reverse direction because what we construe as
Time, is only various forms of Energy, whether forward or backward and
so there is no negative Time. For example, if I travel from India to
London for 8 Hours, the travel from London to India is also 8 Hours and
not -8 hours. No doubt, the distance is in the opposite direction i.e.
negative. This will make it clear that any position of Energy will be
measured by Time only in one direction and reversal is not possible.<br />
This
is the great secret of Time and Energy. Various forms of Universal
energy are formed in such a way that Energy rules including Entropy,
circumvent other rules to keep Time unchanged as for as direction is
concerned.<br />
This does not require any experimental proof. A deep insight will make this fact clear to those who think without bias.<br />
5: Question 3: Is the Universe infinite or does it have boundaries?<br />
Before analyzing the significance of this theory let us see the other aspect of his book i.e.formation of the Universe.<br />
Stephen
Hawking has put the total onus of formation and movement of the
Universe on BIG BANG. His theory is that the Universe started from the
big bang, its movement is because of its effect, TIME also started from
that point. Hence Big bang is the starting point of both space and time.
Let us see how CERN experiment totally contradicts it.<br />
CERN (EUROPEAN CENTRE of NUCLEAR RESEARCH) EXPERIMENT:
<br />Note: Complete details and finer aspects of the experiment are not
within the scope of this article. We shall see only the aspects relevant
to the topic under consideration.<br />
Let us start our study from Higgs Boson which the CERN experiment claims to have discovered.<br />
6. What is Higgs Boson?<br />
Higg's
Boson is a spin-zero particle with a non zero mass predicted by Peter
Higgs (born 1929) to exist in certain electro weak forces which requires
large accelerators (like W and Z Bosons) That is what precisely the
scientists appear to have achieved on 3rd July of this year as a new
particle at the LARGE HADRON COLLIDER (LHC) In 1960, Higgs hypothesised
the existence of an energy field and an associated particle which
enabled the particles to acquire mass without destroying the unification
of forces. The latest data revealing the existence of a 125 GeV mass
particle marks a high-point in precision experimental high-energy
Physics. Scientists from CERN have announced that they have discovered
the God particle- the key particle in the formation of the Universe. We
shall see the following two theories regarding this aspect.<br />
a. Prediction by Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974)<br />
The
Indian born Scientist Satyendra Nath Bose (in whose name the
nomenclature BOSON came into being- Boson means particles obeying
Bose-Einstein Statistics) predicted the existence of the fundamental
particle and the entire Universe is formed by only these particles and
their derivatives.<br />
b.Tao of Physics and Boson Experiment:<br />
Fritjof
Capra (born 1939) had the realization that Oceanic waves, Radiations
from the Sun and Thought waves are true reflections of atomic vibrations
which can be named as Atomic Dances. Indian Saints used to visualize
'Creation' as an eternal process without either beginning or end and
Scientists also visualise the Universe as an eternal process.<br />
There
is no stoppage for birth and death of both material particles and Life.
Hence the dance of atoms never stops. Billions of atoms are formed and
then annihilated every second which is known as 'Cosmic Dance'.<br />
The source of this activity is the Higg's Boson, which the CERN experiments have confirmed now.<br />
7. How do CERN experiments negate the theories of Stephen Hawking?<br />
Scientists
like Einstein have not approved big bang as the starting point of the
Universe. Einstein has proposed a 'steady state model' wherein he
supposed the existence of the Universe forever, resembling to Hindu
Philosophy and also Holistic Philosophy. Ernst J. Opik's model is an
improved version of this Einstein's model which states that Universe
alternatively expands and shrinks. There is no unanimous view among
scientists that Big Bang is the starting point of the Universe.<br />
The
enormous energy spent in creating or separating one Higgs Boson throws
light on the tremendous energy required to make a big bang. Hence, it
may be concluded that huge energy was there before big bang, during big
bang and continues even today. Hence, as written in the above
paragraphs, various forms of the Universe are only manifestation of the
whole energy in various forms.<br />
Regarding the boundaries of the
Universe, it was clarified in earlier articles by this author, that
OBJECTS create their own space and there is no separate entity known as
SPACE and hence there is no question of boundary. Readers are referred
to the book on 'The Expanding Universe' By J.B.S Haldane in this regard.<br />
Hence, the conclusion of the author through this article is that:<br />
1. Time is measurement of various changes in Energy levels. It has no directions.
<br />2. Space is only created by objects and there is no closed boundaries for space.<br />
This
writer is not a great Scientist. But it is his humble suggestion that
Scientists may come out of the myth of 'Singular' Big Bang and visualize
various changes including various singularities in the Whole energy
which always remains intact.<br />
8.CONCLUSION:<br />
Hence it is
concluded that the answers given for the three questions in Stephen
Hacking's book "A brief History of Time' is insufficient in the light of
findings of CERN experiment. The book may be studied along with Fritjof
Capra's 'Tao of Physics'. E.Schrodinger's 'What is Life and other
articles', Ernst J.Opik's ' The oscillating Universe' and Albert
Einstein's 'Steady State model' to have complete answers for the
questions raised by Mr Hawking and to have complete understanding of
results of CERN experiment.<br />
Let us have an open mind to study the grand design of the Universe and not close it with pre-conceived ideas.<br />
I wish the readers all the best.<br />
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Dr B.Sathyanarayanan (65) is an experienced administrator,
teacher and writer. He is M.Sc(Physics) from Annamalai University. He
studied Psychology and Philosophy as two additional subjects for
graduation. He worked as a PHYSICS LECTURER for 2 years (1969-1971).
Later, he had to take up a bank job and continued Physics and Philosophy
research privately. At the age of 50, he got voluntary retirement from
banking service to devote more time for social,educational and research
activities. In 2005, he took up Physics teaching once again and is
teaching for the past 8 years as a regular professor of Physics.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
He
continued his interest in Psychology and got his PhD in Psychological
counselling in 2000 and is counselling on HIV/AIDS matters. He conducted
several intervention programmes. He is a well known writer in English
in fiction and article writing. His writing is recognised
internationally by listing in the directory of World Philosophers,
Bowling Green State University, U.S.A.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
All along his life so far,
he remained a scientific philosopher in thought and deeds. He considers
Albert Einstein as his role model in Science and J.Krishnamurti, in
Philosophy. His first book 'The Simple Truth", a comparative study of
Religion and Science, was published in 1987. He is publishing the annual
magazine 'Philosophy of Science' (since re-started). He founded
Holistic Philosophy Society for the study of Physics and Philosophy. His
latest book 'Glimpses of Holistic Philosophy' has been widely
acclaimed. He conducts regular meetings on various topics on Physics and
Philosophy in Chennai. He recently conducted a "Two days seminar on
Religion, Science and Social Services" in Chennai, India which was
attended by senior Professors of Physics and Philosophy. As an
experienced author, he is glad to present the above article for the kind
attention of readers</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-42340222014253663112013-09-29T11:04:00.005-07:002013-09-29T11:04:58.299-07:00Inspiring Science and Engineering: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC)<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<em>By
Keith A Griffiths
</em>
<a class="photo-container" href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Keith_A_Griffiths" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Keith A Griffiths">
</a>
</h1>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest particle accelerator.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It
lies up to 175 metres deep in parts below the Franco-Swiss border near
Geneva in Switzerland and it's tunnel has a circumference of 27
kilometres.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
This huge piece of engineering was collaborated on by over 10,000 scientists and engineers from over 100 countries.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It was build with the aim of exploring many physics theories in the area of physics.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
Higgs Bozon is known by many as the God Particle and is said to contain
enough energy to propel us into a new age. The discovery of such a
particle could in fact create a new pathway in relation to how we power
our day to day luxuries, such as our homes, cars, motorbikes, ovens,
gadgets, swimming pools, 'if you're lucky enough to have one', I could
go on here.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
So how close are we to discovering this exiting
particle? Well in fact after smashing electrons into themselves at very
high speeds there have been moments where we came close, but at his
moment not close enough.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
What could happen if anything went wrong,
well there is a slim chance a black hole will appear, it's nice to know
people asked my opinion before building this...</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>But what does it actually do?</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
Large Hadron Collider is a particle accelerator - a device that uses
electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and to
contain them in well defined beams.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The charged particles are
accelerated and energised to very high speeds and then made to collide
with other particles. The purpose of this collision is to allow
scientists to view the byproducts created from the collision, these
byproducts give us great insight into the sub-atomic world and the laws
and behaviours of these sub-atomic particles.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The LHC is expected
to answer many of the most fundamental questions in physics and give us
greater insight into the workings of nature.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
These questions cover
such things as the interrelation between quantum mechanics and general
relativity, the deep structure of space and time and the nature of dark
matter. This amazing piece of science and engineering has already had a
huge impact upon the science world with breakthroughs such as locating
the Higgs Bozon, who knows what else will be discovered in this ground
breaking area of science.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Higgs Bozon is known as the god
particle as it's said to contain the energy used at the start of the big
bang, by finding this particle it will help scientists to create new
forms of renewable clean energy as well as other possibilities such as
space travel</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-12316792056446695452013-09-29T11:04:00.000-07:002013-09-29T11:04:00.049-07:00Pioneer 10's Quirky Path Through Space Poses Compelling Mystery For Physicists<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<em>By
Frank T Kryza
</em>
<a class="photo-container" href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Frank_T_Kryza" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Frank T Kryza">
</a>
</h1>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
On March 2, 1972, a balmy Thursday on Florida's humid Cape
Canaveral peninsula, a NASA Atlas-Centaur rocket took off with a 570-lb
payload called Pioneer 10. Pioneer was a space probe designed to cross
the asteroid belt and perform a "fly-by" of Jupiter and the outer gas
giants to study them. For the next ten years, Pioneer sent back
astonishing reports from the far reaches of the solar system, carrying
out its mission with great success.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Then, instead of falling
silent as it had been expected to do, Pioneer kept sending signals back
to Earth. Its tiny nuclear generator kept cranking out the 70 watts of
power needed to maintain a radio link with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
in Pasadena, California, and this continued for decades longer than
anyone believed possible. Communication kept up on a daily basis until
January 23, 2003, more than thirty years after the mission began. By
then, the probe was twice the distance from the sun as Neptune and Pluto
are, and Pioneer had become the first object made by the hands of man
ever to leave the grip of the sun's gravity forever.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Pioneer
story would have been a significant chapter in the history of science
had it ended there, but it did not. Experimental physics is full of
examples of scientific projects designed to study one phenomenon yet
revealing unexpected truths about something else entirely, and the
really interesting piece of the Pioneer 10 story is one of these. Though
it had carried out its robotic exploration of Jupiter and Saturn with
skill and perseverance far beyond the call of duty (if one can apply
such language to a robot), by the time it was passing the outer limits
of the planetary system, it was clear to NASA that it was hundreds of
thousands of miles from where computer tracking programs said it should
be. How was that possible?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The way objects move in space, whether
they are planets the size of Jupiter or tiny craft like Pioneer, is
governed by well-known laws of physics that give precise answers about
location that can be measured in centimeters, even on the scale of the
solar system. For Pioneer to be hundreds of thousands of miles off
course was simply not possible. No matter how it was tackled, the
problem just wouldn't go away, and it soon became clear that something
truly weird was going on. NASA scientists gave this quirk of Pioneer a
name; they called it "The Anomaly."</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
"The Pioneer Detectives: Did a
distant spacecraft prove Einstein and Newton wrong?" a newly issued
"Kindle Single" by Konstantin Kakaes, a gifted journalist and writer who
studied physics as an undergraduate at Harvard, explores the
tantalizing clues scientists uncovered in seeking to explain the Pioneer
course deviation. The deeper they dug, the less they seemed to
understand. Immersed in the daily tracking logs of the 30-year-old space
probe, startling and perhaps revolutionary questions began to emerge:
Was the spacecraft's errant course proof of some new and unknown wrinkle
in the fundamental laws of physics?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
A slightly off-course
spaceship may seem an unlikely subject for deep speculations about the
fundamental nature of the universe, but obvious solutions to Pioneer's
flight deviation were not forthcoming. Yet this was a matter of "black
letter" physics, and errors of this kind and of this magnitude just
cannot occur.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
What could be the cause of "The Anomaly"? The NASA
sleuths could not seem to agree, though the list of possible culprits
was long and scary: Dark matter? Tensor-vector-scalar gravity?
Collisions with gravitons? A fundamental error in Einstein's equations?</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
only thing clear about the questions posed by Pioneer and "The Anomaly"
was that potentially groundbreaking discoveries were in the offing for
those brave enough and smart enough to tackle them successfully. This is
territory young scientists call "new physics" -- an unmapped land where
new Nobel Prizes are sometimes also found.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Writing in clear,
sharp prose free of technical language, science writer and former Mexico
City bureau chief for "The Economist" Konstantin Kakaes gives us a
spine-tingling scientific detective story, tracking the mental processes
and the spadework of those committed to untangling this high-stakes
science enigma. Kakaes draws on extensive interviews and archival
research, following the story from "The Anomaly's" initial discovery
through decades of tireless investigation, to its ultimate conclusion.
"The Pioneer Detectives" is a riveting and definitive account, not just
of the Pioneer Anomaly but also of how scientific knowledge gets made
and unmade, with scientists sometimes putting their reputations and
their livelihoods on the line in pursuit of cosmic truths.</div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-533792610755054014.post-29937526364268134192013-09-29T11:02:00.003-07:002013-09-29T11:02:58.076-07:00In Microcosm Of Sand, Geologist-Writer Evokes The Entire Universe<h1 style="text-align: justify;">
<em>By
Frank T Kryza
</em>
<a class="photo-container" href="http://ezinearticles.com/?expert=Frank_T_Kryza" title="EzineArticles Expert Author Frank T Kryza">
</a>
</h1>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The word "sand," much like the words "rock" and "dirt," is a word
one acquires very early in childhood. Sand, rock, and dirt are
ubiquitous materials, the building blocks of our planet. We are
confronted with them early in life and life requires of us that we know
what they are.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Perhaps the most interesting of the three to the
young is sand because it is both hard and yet it can flow like water, it
is hard and soft, static yet mobile. Sand, the encyclopedias tell is a
"naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock
and mineral particles." Even those who have not studied sand know that
it comes in a variety of colors and in startling degrees of granularity,
ranging from the almost talcum powder fineness of the orange sand of
the Sahara to the much more gritty varieties derived from crushed coral
which are so prevalent on the world's beaches.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
And now at last
there comes a book devoted exclusively to sand, an extraordinary and
delightful exploration of this strange corner of the mineral world. It
is <i>Sand: The Never-Ending Story</i> by the British geologist Michael
Welland, a masterful evocation of a much neglected and yet remarkable
and omnipresent basic substance of our world.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
From individual
grains observed in minute structural detail under the microscope to the
vast desert dunes which form like ocean waves on stretches of the Sahara
Desert that can be seen from space, from the bottom of the world's
oceans to the landscapes of our neighbor Mars, from billions of years in
the past to a future that stretches to infinity -- <i>Sand: The Never-Ending Story</i>
is an astonishing narrative that encompasses the whole universe in
which we live, because practically everywhere in that universe is this
stuff, this sand, one of nature's most humble and yet most powerful and
most omnipresent materials.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
While this is a book by a professional
scientist with a Ph.D. from Cambridge, the story is told with a
dramatic sense of language and narrative more reminiscent of fiction and
film. Welland is a gifted writer. <i>Sand</i> examines the science of
sand, including the physics of granular materials generally, and yet the
focus is always on the human context of sand, sand as a material we use
every day. That, in the end, is what gives sand meaning in our human
world. Interwoven with tales of scientists, sculptors, navigators, the
story of sand is at the same time a story of environmental building and a
tale of environment collapse, an adventure that stretches back to the
beginnings of our planet as a place of solid materials yet a tale that
encompasses also the mundane realities of a child's sandbox in today's
back yard. That is because sand is all around us. Sand is a component of
almost everything -- it has made possible our computers, buildings, and
plate glass for windows, toothpaste, cosmetics, and paper, and it has
played dramatic roles in human history, commerce, and imagination. It is
a component of concrete, and it is an artifact of weathering. Given
enough time, the Rocky Mountains will turn to sand; indeed, the
Alleghenies already have. Welland shows us that we can find the world in
a grain of sand.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Though he is certainly first and foremost a
professional scientist, no one is more fun to listen to as a writer of
narrative nonfiction than Michael Welland. He is a born <i>raconteur</i>
who might easily have become a writer of pulp fiction (or the owner of a
British pub!) had he not chosen the higher calling of studying rocks.
His narrative flows with the ease and grace of the best creative
nonfiction, adapting many of the techniques of telling stories more
typically associated with novels.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
His fellow scientists have recognized the power of this book<i>. Sand: The Never-Ending Story</i>
won the prestigious John Burroughs Medal in 2010 for the finest book
that year about natural history (an honor Welland shares with Rachel
Carson, Joseph Wood Krutch, John McPhee, and other luminaries of natural
history going back to 1926).</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Michael Welland has written an
extraordinary book, perhaps even a timeless book that non-scientists can
enjoy as much as professional geologists. Welland, who spent many years
practicing geology in the United States, now lives in London with his
wife and family where he is managing director of Orogen, a geological
consulting company he founded, and a Fellow of the Geological Society.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
bambanghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03001495403550691585noreply@blogger.com0